insights

Executive Summary Fast‑moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies are under intensifying pressure to adopt circular business models – from reusable packaging and refill systems to recycled content, reverse logistics and secondary materials. Yet customs and trade compliance frameworks remain rooted in linear supply chains. This misalignment creates strategic, operational and regulatory risks, directly affect cost, speed‑to‑market…

Global supply chains have always reflected the political and economic order that shapes them. Today that order is unusually unstable with renewed protectionism, abrupt tariff shifts and openly transactional trade diplomacy. These factors are re-introducing uncertainty into a system built on predictability and long-term planning. The result is a supply chain environment where geopolitical threats…